Atherosclerosis

What Is Atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease caused by the accumulation of plaque—made up of cholesterol, fat, calcium, and other substances—along the inner walls of arteries. Over time, this buildup narrows and stiffens the arteries, limiting blood flow to vital organs such as the heart, brain, and limbs.

As atherosclerosis advances, it can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.

How Atherosclerosis Develops

Atherosclerosis typically develops slowly over many years. Damage to the arterial lining allows plaque to form, gradually narrowing the artery and reducing its ability to expand and contract normally.

If a plaque ruptures, a blood clot may form and suddenly block blood flow, leading to a medical emergency.

Common Signs and Symptoms

In its early stages, atherosclerosis often causes no noticeable symptoms. As the disease progresses, symptoms may appear depending on which arteries are affected. These may include chest pain, shortness of breath, leg pain during walking, numbness, or weakness.

Because symptoms may not appear until significant narrowing has occurred, early detection is critical.

Risk Factors and Causes

Common risk factors for atherosclerosis include high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and a family history of cardiovascular disease. Age and chronic inflammation also play a role in disease development.

Addressing these risk factors is a key part of slowing progression and reducing complications.

How Atherosclerosis Is Diagnosed

Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive cardiovascular evaluation, including medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic testing to assess blood flow and arterial health. Imaging and other tests may be used to determine the extent and severity of plaque buildup.

Accurate diagnosis helps guide appropriate treatment and preventive strategies.

Treatment and Management

Treatment for atherosclerosis focuses on slowing disease progression, relieving symptoms, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. Management may include lifestyle changes, medication, and in some cases, minimally invasive interventional procedures to restore blood flow.

Ongoing monitoring and personalized care play an important role in long-term management.

Atherosclerosis Care at New Beats Cardiology

At New Beats Cardiology, atherosclerosis is managed using advanced diagnostics and evidence-based treatment strategies. Our team develops personalized care plans focused on risk reduction, symptom control, and long-term cardiovascular health.